Safety and efficacy of China-made sildenafil citrate in the treatment of erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the safety, efficacy and tolerability of China-made sildenafil citrate (Jinge) in the treatment of ED.@*METHODS@#We conducted a multi-center, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial among 222 ED patients in five urological or andrological clinics of China. The patients were randomly assigned to receive sildenafil citrate (SC, n = 111) or placebo (n = 111) for 8 weeks. We obtained and analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, the scores of International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), the success rate of sexual intercourse, and the incidence of adverse events.@*RESULTS@#No statistically significant differences were found between the patients of the SC and those of the placebo group in the mean age (［47.2±11.32］ yr vs ［46.67±13.08］ yr, P>0.05), psychological etiology (27.93% vs 23.42%, P>0.05), organic etiology (21.62% vs 29.73%, P>0.05) or mixed etiology (50.45% vs 46.85%, P>0.05), nor in height, weight, nationality, or history of smoking, drinking or allergy. Compared with the placebo controls, the SC-treated patients showed significant increases in the excellence rate of effectiveness (29.91% vs 78.90%, P<0.01), success rate of sexual intercourse (29.16% vs 63.87%, P<0.01), and total effectiveness rate (34.58% vs 77.98%, P<0.01). The effectiveness rates on organic, psychogenic and mixed types ED were remarkably higher in the SC group (64.52%, 83.33%, and 82.14%) than in the placebo control (46.15%, 21.21%, and 25.00%) (P<0.01). Mild or temporary adverse events were observed in 32 cases in the SC group as compared with 13 in the placebo control.@*CONCLUSIONS@#China-made sildenafil citrate is an effective, safe and well-tolerated drug for ED of different etiologies in the Chinese population.

Benefits of tadalafil to ED patients / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To gain a deeper insight into the benefits of oral tadalafil for patients with erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2008 to June 2009, we conducted a nationwide survey on the quality of male erectile function among the outpatients under the direction of the Chinese Association of Andrology. A total of 205 ED patients were prescribed oral tadalafil and accomplished a questionnaire investigation after 4 weeks of medication. We compared various parameters of the patients before and after the treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Four weeks of oral tadalafil medication achieved a total rate of effectiveness of 85.9% (176/205). The proportion of those with moderate to severe ED was decreased from 67.8% (139/205) before medication to 16.6% (34/205) after it. Those who enjoyed sexual life were increased from 21.5% (44/205) before medication to 84.9% (174/205) after it. Only 1.0% (2/205) of the patients could achieve grade 4 penile hardness before the treatment, as compared with 60.5% (124/205) after it. And the frequency of sexual intercourse was significantly increased, over 4 times in 90.2% (159/205) of the patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Oral tadalafil, with its sure effectiveness on ED, can bring great benefits to the sexual life of ED patients.</p>

A decade's evidence review of sildenafil citrate / 中华男科学杂志

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most popular and disturbing sexual problems, which impairs patients' health and affects their quality of life. Sildenafil citrate, the first oral PDE-5 inhibitor in the world, has established its efficacy and safety credit in both doctors and ED patients. The authors reviewed the results of related studies in the last decade and made deeper insights into the use of sildenafil citrate in such aspects as the general drug tolerance and its influence on the cardiovascular system, potentiality of concomitant diseases with co-administration of other drugs, long-term safety, and ocular and genital safety.

Clinical observation of loupe-assisted intussusception vasoepididymostomy in the treatment of obstructive azoospermia (analysis of 49 case reports) / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of loupe-assisted intussusception vasoepididymostomy (VE) in the treatment of epididymal obstructive azoospermia (EOA), we retrospectively analyzed data from 49 patients with EOA who underwent two-suture longitudinal intussusception vasoepididymostomy (LIVE) between 2000 and 2007. The data included the surgical method, postoperative motile sperm count per ejaculation, percentage of progressive motile sperm and patency and pregnancy outcomes. There were a total of 49 men undergoing scrotal exploration, and epididymal obstruction was found in all cases. Bilateral or unilateral anastomoses were performed in 40 and 6 men, respectively. The postoperative courses of 42 patients were followed up for more than 6 months, and the courses of 38 patients were followed up for more than 1 year. The overall patency and pregnancy rates were 71.4% and 26.3%, respectively. Moreover, progressive motile sperm was more frequently present in those patients who had undergone anastomosis at cauda than at corpus or caput. Pregnancy was achieved only in those patients who had undergone anastomosis at least on one side of the cauda epididymis. We think that the loupe-assisted method, with a lower overall cost and a simplified surgical procedure, can achieve satisfactory patency outcomes and pregnancy results. Data from this paper also suggest that paternity outcomes occur more frequently after anastomoses at cauda than at corpus or caput.

Early and delayed castrations confer a similar survival advantage in TRAMP mice / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

The most appropriate time to introduce androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer remains controversial. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of early versus delayed surgical castration on prostate cancer progression and survival in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. TRAMP mice were randomly divided into three groups: the early castration group (on which castration was performed at the age of 4 weeks), the delayed castration group (on which castration was performed when abdominal tumours could be palpated), and the sham-castrated group. Mice were monitored daily throughout their lives until cancer-related death or the development of an obviously moribund appearance, at which time the individual mouse was killed. Androgen receptor expression in prostate tumours was also evaluated. The results shows that the average lifespan in early castration, delayed castration and sham-castrated groups were 54.1 weeks, 59.9 weeks and 39.1 weeks, respectively. Both early castration and delayed castration conferred a statistically significant survival advantage when compared with the sham-castrated group (P<0.001). However, the difference in lifespan between the early castration group and the delayed castration group was not statistically significant (P=0.85). The increase in lifespan in the TRAMP mice that received either early or delayed castration correlated with lower G/B value (genitourinary tract weight/body weight) at death than the sham-castrated mice. In conclusion, early and delayed castrations in TRAMP mice prolonged survival to a similar extent. This finding may provide a guide for clinical practice in prostate cancer therapy.

Epidemiological changes of ED patients: investigations in 11 Chinese cities during the past 5 years / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the epidemiological changes of erectile dysfunction (ED) patients in the past five years.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In 2003 and 2008, we conducted two questionnaire investigations on the epidemiological changes of ED outpatients in 11 Chinese cities in such aspects as age, disease course, ED severity, smoking and drinking habits, accompanying hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease (CHD), and sexual intercourse satisfaction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to the valid copies of the questionnaire collected (808 in 2003 and 858 in 2008), the age pattern of the ED patients hardly changed in the past five years, over 60% aged 30 - 50 years. Compared with the results obtained in 2003, the second investigation showed obvious increases in the following numbers of the ED patients: by 13% in those with longer disease courses (5 - 10 yr), from 24.1 to 42.9% in those with moderate ED, from 20.4 to 29.9% in those with severe ED, by at least 10% in those with smoking and drinking habits, from 11.5 to 16.2% in those with hypertension, from 9.4 to 13.5% in those with diabetes, and from 57.6 to 73.3% in those without sexual satisfaction, while the number of those with CHD did not change significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Increased unhealthy living habits and erectile function impairing diseases have added to the incidence and severity of ED. There is still much work to be done in the prevention and early treatment of ED.</p>

Multi-centered clinical trial of Fufang Xuanju capsule for oligoasthenospermia / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the efficacy of Fufang Xuanju Capsule in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using a multi-centered, open and self-controlled clinical trial, we treated 120 patients with oligoasthenospermia, with Fufang Xuanju Capsule for 12 weeks, and evaluated the efficacy of the capsule with sperm concentration and vitality (a + b) as the primary and the number of grade a sperm, sperm motility (a + b + c) and semen volume as the secondary therapeutic indexes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 107 patients accomplished the clinical trial. Compared with pre-treatment, sperm density, vitality and motility were significantly improved after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of Fufang Xuanju treatment (P < 0.01). At 12 weeks, sperm concentration was increased by 63.28%, with 73 cases (68.22%) restored to normal, sperm vitality by 63. 17%, with 39 (36.45%) restored to normal, sperm motility by 44.36%, with 77 (71.96%) restored to normal, and the semen volume by 18.13%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Fufang Xuanju Capsule can evidently improve the seminal quality of oligoasthenospermia patients.</p>

Prostatic abscess: a report of 2 cases and meta-analysis of domestic literature in recent 10 years / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To report 2 cases of prostatic abscess and review the current characteristics of prostatic abscess in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two cases of prostatic abscess were reported, and a meta-analysis was made of the literature from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure database and Wanfang Data in recent 10 years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Both the cases had a high glucose level, and one of them had received instrumental examination of the lower urinary tract prior to the problem, both with difficult defecation, severe perineal pain and high fever, with normal peripheral white blood cell count and negative urine routine. One case of abscess was confirmed by MRI, ruptured into urethra and cured by antibiotics. The other case was confirmed by transrectal ultrasound and CT and cured by transrectal ultrasound guided needle aspiration. Meta-analysis showed that the predisposed factors were diabetes mellitus, the indwelling catheter and instrumentation of the lower urinary tract. Major pathogens were staphylococci aureus and Escherichia coli. For most patients, the diagnosis was mainly established by ultrasonography and the treatment included needle aspiration or surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical symptoms of prostatic abscess are not typically presented and the differential diagnosis may be difficult. Imaging investigation is helpful, and transrectal ultrasonography can be used for both diagnosis and treatment.</p>

Chinese men's attitudes to life events and sexuality: prevalence of erectile dysfunction and related health concerns among Chinese men in Asian MALES study / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aims of Asian Men's Attitudes to Life Events and Sexuality (Asian MALES)-China study were to identify the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and related health concerns in the general male population in China, and to examine the attitudes and behaviors of men in relation to these health issues.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 2055 men aged 20-75 years were included in Phase-I MALES study using a standardized questionnaire, and another 225 recruited from the sub-sample of Phase-I MALES participants with reported ED and some ED patients from other sources were involved in Phase-II Asian MALES- China study, with the prevalence of ED and men's associated attitudes as the main measure.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall rate of ED in the Asian MALES-China sample was 5.9%. The rate of self-reported ED rose with age increase. A higher rate of ED was reported in men with co-morbid medical conditions and risk factors, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and depression, and so were the rates of these co-morbid conditions in ED patients. Data from Phase-II Asian MALES-China indicated that among men with reported ED, only 17% would seek treatment.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The rate of ED is high in Chinese men and it is associated with co-morbid conditions. For Chinese men, it is necessary to know more about ED and to seek safe and effective treatment of its symptoms.</p>

Aildenafil citrate: a new potent and highly selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor for the treatment of erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of aildenafil citrate, an oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, in the treatment of erectile dysfunction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Integrated analyses were made of 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trials involving 250 men with mild-to-severe erectile dysfunction of various etiologies who received aildenafil citrate 30 or 60 mg (n = 167) or placebo (n = 83).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The statistic results of International Index of Erectile Function, Patient Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) diaries and Global Assessment Question (GAQ) were significantly higher in the aildenafil citrate patients than in the placebo controls. The main drug-related adverse events were flushing, headache, dizziness and naupathia, which were mild and could be self-relieved.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The aildenafil citrate therapy significantly ameliorated erectile function and was well tolerated by a wide range of patients with erectile dysfunction.</p>

Outline of diagnosis and treatment on male sexual dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

Sexual dysfunction is common among male adults. Here we summarized the recent papers and provided the outline of diagnosis and treatment on male sexual dysfunction.

Study on the knowledge of and attitude to sexual dysfunction in aged men / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the knowledge of and attitude to sexual dysfunction in aged men, and to discuss the status and needs of male healthcare.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two thousand seven hundred and twenty-eight men (40-70 years old) were surveyed on sexual dysfunction using the randomized questionnaire in Xicheng District, Beijing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) was 41.2%, and only 12.1% ED patients were to see the doctor. 52.4% aged men thought the sexual life was important or very important during the life, and 55.6% thought ED would exert negative impact on the quality of life and the partner relationship. Although 27.4% knew that ED was a kind of disease, 49.0% thought ED was a nature rule. Compare to the 41.2% ED prevalence, only 9.7% male were dissatisfied with their sexual life, and later ratio was 14.1% among the partner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In China, the status of the knowledge of and attitude to sexual dysfunction in aged men was unsatisfactory to some extent. There is a lot of work to do especially in sexual healthcare education and improvement on diagnostic and treatment of sexual dysfunction.</p>

Advances in the treatment of erectile dysfunction by viagra / 中华男科学杂志

Viagra has become the first line drug for the treatment of erectile dysfunction since it was first introduced in 1998. Its efficacy and safety have been sidely acclaimed as being definite. This article presents a brief review about the advances in the studies of Viagra, including its therapeutic effect and safety, its protection of penile health, and its promotion of self-esteem and sexual relationship.

Sexual function of premature ejaculation patients assayed with Chinese Index of Premature Ejaculation / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>AIM</b>To assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese Index of Premature Ejaculation (CIPE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The sexual function of 167 patients with and 114 normal controls without premature ejaculation (PE) were evaluated with CIPE. All subjects were married and had regular sexual activity. The CIPE has 10 questions, focusing on libido, erectile function, ejaculatory latency, sexual satisfaction and difficulty in delaying ejaculation, self-confidence and depression. Each question was responded to on a 5 point Likert-type scale. The individual question score and the total scale score were analyzed between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no significant differences between the age, duration of marriage and educational level (P> 0.05) of patients with and without PE and normal controls. The mean latency of patients with PE and normal controls were 1.6 +/- 1.2 and 10.2 +/- 9.5 minutes, respectively. Significant differences between patients with (26.7 +/- 4.6) PE and normal controls (41.9 +/- 4.0) were observed on the total score of CIPE (P< 0.01). Using binary logistic regression analysis, PE was significantly related to five questions of the original measure. They are the so-called the CIPE-5 and include: ejaculatory latency, sexual satisfaction of patients and sexual partner, difficulty in delaying ejaculation, anxiety and depression. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of CIPE-5 questionnaire indicated that the sensitivity and specificity of CIPE were 97.60 % and 94.74 %, respectively. Employing the total score of CIPE-5, patients with PE could be divided into three groups: mild (>15 point) 19.8 %, moderate (10-14 point) 62.8 % and severe (< 9 point) 16.7 %.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The CIPE-5 is a useful method for the evaluation of sexual function of patients with PE and can be used as a clinical endpoint for clinical trials studying the efficacy of pharmacological intervention.</p>

Electron paramagnetic resonance in monitoring of nitric oxide production after kidney transplantation in rats / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Much research has been focused on ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) to the transplanted organs. As a free radical, nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in IRI. In this study, the production of NO and its functions during IRI were monitored in rat models after allotransplantation of kidney grafts.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Of 75 male LEW rats, 30 served as donors, and the remaining 45 rats were divided into three groups (15 rats in each group): controls (group 1), kidney allotransplantation followed by bilateral nephrectomy during reperfusion (group 2), 2 hours before operation, donors and recipients were treated with N(G)-nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NO synthase inhibitor, at a dose of 30 mg/kg (group 3). Bilateral nephrectomies were performed while kidney grafts were reperfused. The kidney grafts were hypothemically stored for 24 hours. The production of NO before and after reperfusion was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The creatinine level, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and the protein carbonyl content in tissue samples were recorded on the first and the fifth day after operation. The data were evaluated by one-way analysis of variance. Differences were considered to be statistically significant when a P value was less than 0.05.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After reperfusion for 15 minutes, the production of NO increased remarkably and kept increasing till 120 minutes, after which the level returned to normal. In group 3, which was pretreated with L-NAME, creatinine levels were higher than those in group 2 at the 24th hour (4.10 +/- 0.50 mg/dl vs. 3.77 +/- 0.42 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and the 120th hour (3.19 +/- 0.79 mg/dl vs. 2.22 +/- 0.53 mg/dl, P < 0.05). GFR levels in group 3 were lower than those in group 2 at the 24th hour (0.50 +/- 0.12 ml/min vs. 0.71 +/- 0.19 ml/min, P < 0.05) and the 120th hour (0.59 +/- 0.38 ml/min vs. 1.27 +/- 0.23 ml/min, P < 0.01). The content of protein carbonyl in tissue samples of group 3 was lower than that in group 2 at the 24th hour (29.01 +/- 7.02 nmol/mg protein vs. 49.39 +/- 13.13 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.05), but was higher than that at the 120th hour (75.71 +/- 16.74 nmol/mg protein vs. 57.93 +/- 15.32 nmol/mg protein, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>After transplantation of hypothemically stored kidney grafts, the increased NO production in the early stage has protective effects on the transplanted kidney. Application of L-NAME to inhibit NO production is harmful to the recovery of the renal functions of kidney grafts.</p>

Prevalence and risk factors of erectile dysfunction in three cities of China: a community-based study / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>AIM</b>To determine the age-adjusted prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in 3 big cities of China and to explore its potential sociodemographic, medical and lifestyle correlates.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross-sectional, population-based survey was conducted in three cities of China. Structured questionnaires were administered to 2 226 men, aged 20 - 86 years, by trained interviewers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age-adjusted prevalence of ED was 28.34 % (mild 15.99 %, moderate 7.14 %, severe 5.21 %). In the men above 40, the prevalence was 40.2 %. Age was positively correlated with ED (P<0.01). Education was negatively correlated with ED (P<0.01). Spouse companionship, living condition were positively correlated with ED (P<0.01). Histories of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia were positively correlated with ED (P<0.01). Cigarette smoking was not correlated with ED (P>0.05), while the cigarette consumption and duration were positively correlated with ED (P<0.01). Alcohol drinking is negatively correlated with ED (P<0.01). The duration of drinking was positively correlated with ED (P<0.01). Weekly alcohol consumption was not correlated with ED (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of ED increased with age. Cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hyperlipidemia were positively correlated with the increased prevalence. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, such as education, spouse companionship, living condition, cigarette and alcohol consumption or duration also have association with the prevalence of ED.</p>

Efficacy and safety of PGE1 cream in the treatment of erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PGE1 cream[Befar, NexMed Pharmaceuticals(Zhongshan) Ltd] on men with ED of various etiologies in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This was a double-blind, randomized (1:1, placebo: PGE1 cream), placebo-controlled clinic study of PGE1 cream performed at Peking University Pepole's Hospital for 8 weeks. A total of 42 subjects suffered from erectile dysfunction of psychologic, organic or mixed etiology were screened and randomized, and visited occurred at weeks -4, 0, 2 and 4 weeks covering a 4-week no treatment run-in period and a 4-week period of double blind treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At week four PGE1 cream was shown to be significantly (P < 0.01) effective over placebo in the sexual function endpoints analyses. The primary efficacy variables (Questions 3 and 4 from IIEF) revealed a statistically significant (P < 0.01) improvement over placebo along with a clinical efficacy change score with an effective rate of 63.16% on PGE1 cream vs 9.52% on placebo. The secondary efficacy variables supported the conclusion of the primary efficacy (assessing the proportion of successful attempts at sexual intercourse 68.42% on PGE1 cream vs 19.05% on placebo), and the global assessment question (treatment had improved their erections, 73.68% on PGE1 cream vs 19.05% on placebo). PGE1 cream was well tolerated when given prn. Subjects in the study had a low discontinuation rate (4.76%), only one subject (2.38%) discontinued due to adverse events. The incidence of adverse events was higher for PGE1 cream (30.00%) than for placebo (4.76%). The common adverse events were mild pain of penis and urethra.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PGE1 cream is an effective, safe and well-tolerated treatment in subjects with erectile dysfunction of organic, psychologic or mixed etiology.</p>

Diagnostic approaches of neurogenic erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To discuss the diagnostic approaches of neurogenic erectile dysfunction(ED), and to improve the diagnostic efficacy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and one patients with ED were evaluated by physical examination, IIEF-5, intracavernous injection, colour duplex ultrasonography and bulbocavernosus reflex latency, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among those ED patients, 173, 201, 106, 57 and 27 cases had undergone above-mentioned examines, 13 neurogenic ED and 188 miscellaneous(and unknown-causes) ED were diagnosed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Neurogenic erectile dysfunction is a common disorder, the diagnostic approaches should be based on patient's situation.</p>

Chronic prostatitis symptom index of Chinese / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To establish the chronic prostatitis symptom index which more suitable for Chinese to refine and standardize evaluation of current symptoms in men with "chronic prostatitis".</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The literature of previous work was reviewed to develop a symptom index instrument. There were 18 questions representing three broad categories: pain symptoms, urinary symptoms and other symptoms. To evalute the clinical utility and applicability for Chinese people of this tool, we used it in 100 patients with chronic prostatitis and 100 control patients (40 with benign prostatic hyperplasia, BPH; 30 with infertility; 30 with erectile dysfunction).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the three aspects symptoms, the primary component was pain. But pain in lower back and lower abdomen had less specificity. Pain in the rectal area was not very common but it could well distinguish patients with prostatitis from those BPH, infertility and ED. Urinary symptoms were also common. We used 5 symptom questions in urinary aspect in the last version of this index. In other symptoms, we dropped the question of uncomfortable of waist and back at last. It could not distinguish patients with prostatitis from those infertility and erectile dysfunction. Finally we analyzed the result and modified the new version of chronic prostatitis symptom index. It included 5 pain symptom questions, 5 urinary symptom questions and 2 other symptom questions. There are 12 questions in total.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The chronic prostatitis symptom index we developed was validated and useful in clinical practice as well as research protocols. Moreover, it was more suitable for Chinese people.</p>

Therapeutic choices of penile erectile dysfunction / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To discuss the therapeutic choices of erectile dysfunction (ED) and to improve the therapeutic efficacy for different ED cases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and twenty-seven patients with ED were treated repectively with psychological treatment(31 cases), oral testosterone(30 cases), Viagra(121 cases), psychological treatment + Viagra (16 cases), intraurethral PGE1 (8 cases) and intracavemous injection(21 cases).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among those ED patients, 142 (62.6%) cases reported improved erections after they had undergone above-mentioned therapies. The improved patients include 12 cases(38.7%) with psychological treatment, 9 cases (30.0%) with oral testosterone, 91 cases (75.2%) with Viagra, 13 cases (81.3%) with psychological and Viagar, 2 cases (25.0%) with intraurethral PGE1 and 21 cases (71.4%) with intracavemous injection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ED is a highly individualized disease, therapeutic choices of ED based on patient's situation can benefit those patients.</p>